The correct answer is C) allowed growth of specialization and trade.
The physical landscape has affected the development of agriculture and industry in the ancient world. Agriculture and permanent settlement allowed the growth of specialization and trade.
This was the case of ancient civilizations such as Sumeria, in the Middle East region. The Sumerians settled in between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, in what today is Iraq. They learned agriculture techniques and with the rivers on each side, they grew crops that allowed to stay there and built powerful citie-states such as Ur, Lagash, Kish, and Uruk, that were good traders.