Question

It is the position of the authors of your text regarding corporate crime and corporate ethics that​:

a.
most management situations are clear cut, and, for most middle managers, it is not difficult to make ethical decisions.​
b.
no company or individual is ethical except when restrained by law.​
c.
​all companies are ethical; only individual employees cause problems.
d.
gray-area situations and competitive pressure make ethical decision making difficult.​

Answer 1

gray-area situations and competitive pressure make ethical decision making difficult. Many of the criminals in the corporate world actually understand fully the legal loopholes for them to take advantage of.
So when they actually got caught, the prosecutors do not have enough ground to destroy them in court.