a) f(x) + 2: shift the graph 2 units upward
b) f(x - 4): shift the graph 4 units rightward
c) f(-x) - 5: reflect accross the y -axis and shift 5 units dwonward
d) - f(x + 3): shift 3 units leftward and reflect accross the x-axis
e) 2f(x): scale by 2, this will. enlarge the graph vertically
f) f(1/3x): scale by factor 1/3, this will enlarge the graph horizontally
g) f(x - 1) + 3: shift the graph 1 unit rightward and 3 units upward
g) f(2x) - 4: scale the graph by 2 and shift the graph 4 units leftward