Question

5. How do astronomers explain the orbit of hot jupiters

Answer 1

by measuring properties of a star rather than of the planets themselves.

or by using diagrams of all their parent stars.

Answer 2

giant alien planets known as hot Jupiters can induce wobbles in their parent stars that may lead to the wild, close orbits seen by astronomers. This diagram shows the relationship between wobbling stars and the orbital tilt of hot jupiterplanets