Hello!
The scientific study of the behavior of matter near 0K is called cryogenics
Why?
The word "cryogenics" comes from the greek kyros (cold) and geneia (generation). It describes the techniques used to reach very low temperatures to study the behavior of matter.
The ways to achieve these low temperatures are various, but here are the most common:
- Liquid Nitrogen: It has a boiling point of -195,79 °C (-320 °F or 77 K). It can cool objects between 66 K (Freezing point) and 77 K (Boiling point).
- Liquid Helium: It is liquid at -270 °C (-452,2 °F or 4K).
- Magnetic Refrigeration: It is a technique based on the magnetocaloric effect, it can reach temperatures as low as 0.25 K.
Have a nice day!