Answer : The correct answer is -
D) Primary.
Primary succession can be described as a type of ecological succession that is started in an area where no life existed before, which includes regions that lack in soil or where the soil is not capable enough to sustain life.
The reason for this could be recent flow of lava, rocks that are left from a retreating glacier, or new sand
dunes.
Example - Formation of new island on a volacanic rock.
Thus, primary succession occurs in a community that was never colonized before.