DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The deoxy- in the DNA is a short term for deoxyribose. The nucleic acid molecule has three parts; sugar, phosphate and a base. The phosphate in the DNA acts as a backbone of the molecule. It is also responsible for the DNA’s ‘double-helix’ structure. The base has four codes namely adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Adenine and thymine are base pairs whereas cytosine and guanine are base pairs. DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms whereas the RNA is a single-stranded chain of alternating phosphate and ribose units with the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil bonded to the ribose.