Denise creates the exponential function 

assume she want to find for what value of x, her function reaches the value, 3, or 8.2, or any value a (larger than 0)
so she shants to solve 

 ("for what value of x, is 12 to the power of x equal to a?")
this expression is equivalent to 

, 
(so 12 to the power of x is a, for x=

)
we can generalize this result by creating a function f.
In this function we enter x, the specific value we want to reach. f will calculate the exponent needed, in the following way:
 
 (example: we want to calculate at which value is 

 equal to 5? 
answer: f(x)= 

,
check:

, which is true, by properties of logarithms)
Answer: log_1_2(x) (B)