Generally speaking, it says weather or not something is considered good or bad.
Many Claims of Value will just express tastes, different preferences, or inclinations which are not the correct subject of a pugnacious paper.
You can say that, in a way, they express endorsement or objection, endeavoring to demonstrate that some activity, conviction or condition is correct or wrong, fortunate or unfortunate, excellent or monstrous, advantageous or unwanted.