Answer: Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics is the theory describing the dynamic processes occurred millions of years ago on planet earth. It states that the earth's outer shell was broken and diverged into seven major and several minor plates. The plate movement process was responsible for generation of energy and formation of landmasses. The plate movement was responsible for the generation of volcanoes, formation of mountains, facilitated the accumulation of minerals and petrol, and also influenced the process of evolution and change in climatic conditions of the region. The occurrence of friction between the plates generates energy in the form of seismic waves, which are responsible for earthquakes.