1) The type of criticism that deals directly with technique and style is analysis. Option B is correct.
A literary analysis is an opinion-based type of essay that makes a point about a work of literature – usually a poem or short story, or even longer works and nonfiction. Typically, a literary analysis deals with a literary work, then supports that point by discussing the work’s literature elements such as irony, symbolism, and point of view, main themes.
2) Romance immediately preceded the novel tradition.
Romance is characterized by:
private issues
a close relationship or love affair, often disrupted in some way;
a hero who acts as an individual,
a lady who somehow figures in the hero's actions;
an adventure, quest or search upon which the hero sets out;
an emphasis on noble action and deeds (especially in later chivalric romance);
action set in an exotic or fantastic place distinct from the everyday world;
a courtly milieu, the world of the noble audience depicted in the story
other fantastic or magical elements;
plots governed by chance, not by a rational course of events;
a happy ending.