Deconstructionist is the approache that focuses on an author’s use of metaphor, irony, symbolism, and characterization and how they contribute to a text’s meaning. Option D is correct.
Jacques Derrida refered to deconstruction as a critique of the relationship between the text and the meaning of it. Deconstruction is a form of literal and philosophical analysis, also refered to as the theory of literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions pertaining to certainty, truth, and identity.