The province of Judea was located in the easternmost coastal part of the Mediterranean. It was a relatively small province, where the dominant population were the Jews.
The province of Judea roughly corresponds with the modern day territory of Israel. It was a province that had its ups and downs throughout the history, by being both its own kingdom, but also being occupied numerous times, and also having the people banished from the province on numerous occasions.
On the first picture, Judea is clearly marked, by its territory being with pink color, and it is marked with the number 4.