Question

Twelfth century Italian communes eventually developed into

Answer 1

Well, Italy was a loose collection of city states. France and Spain fought for control over them in the Italian Wars, which France lost. Yet Italy is not a unified nation until 1861.

So, I'd say independent city-states

Answer 2

Twelfth century Italian communes eventually developed into independent city-states.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Italian city-states were a remarkable political phenomenon in the northern part of the Italian peninsula between the 10th and 15th centuries, by which the main political entities of medieval Italy were cities with limited territory but high political and financial power, as well as having a local spirit that ensured their mutual independence.