Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a special therapy for patients with cancer or other diseases such as sickle cells anemia, which affect the bone marrow. A bone marrow transplant involves taking cells that are normally found in the bone marrow (stem cells), filtering those cells, and giving them to the patient. The goal of BMT is to transfuse healthy bone marrow cells into a person after their own unhealthy bone marrow has been eliminated.