The Columbian exchange refers to a period of culture and biological changes between the old and new worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, new technologies, and diseases transformed Native Americans and European life. Beginning after Columbus' discovery in 1492 the exchange lasted throughout the years of expansion and discovery. The Columbian Exchange impacted the social and cultural makeup of both sides of the Atlantic. Advancements in agricultural production, evolution of warfare, increased mortality rates and education are a few examples of the effect of the Columbian Exchange on both Europeans and Native Americans.