good 'ol ratio and proportion
so what yo do is
known ratio=unknown ratio
so first one
oranges
number of oranges to cost=5:2
find the cost of 2 dozen (24) oranges
number of oranges to cost=5:2
5:2=24:?
5/2=24/?
times both sides by 2 times ?
5 times ?=48
divide both sides by 5
?=9.6
2 dozen oranges costs $9.60
this one I can't see how many days
but for x days, the cost is x times $60
john drove some distance
distance to amount of gas is 48:2
how much gas needed for 78 miles
48:2=78:?
48/2=78/?
times both sides by 2?
48?=156
divide both sides by 48
?=3.25
used 3.25 gallons for 78 miles