Question

Through their research, robert zajonc and joseph ledoux have demonstrated that some emotional response, especially simple likes, dislikes, and fears, involve

Answer 1

I believe the answer is: no deliberate thinking

Emotions such as likes, dislikes, and fear are created as a reflective response to a certain event , objects , or a person near us.
The formation of this response happened on high speed and only rely on our five senses in order to determine the proper emotional response.