Joshua is probably overestimating the situational attribution.
Answer: Option (b)
Step-by-step explanation:
Situational attribution is the tendency of an individual to assign a cause of responsibility to the outside activity rather than its internal characteristics. Examples of situational attribution explains the situation of a society, work, environment, and people.
People assume some reasons and factors that may exhibit the cause of failure in their work. If a student failed in an examination, he/she may think that the questions were tough and the topics are unfamiliar and thus results in situational attribution.
In the above statement, the student failure is not assigned to his inability or personality trait. Instead, the student made situational attributions on the external views of the examination.