Answer:
A. Abiotic environment
Step-by-step explanation:
An abiotic environment is the result of a set of factors and non-living mechanisms within an ecosystem. An example of this can be seen in the question above, where an oil leak in an ecosystem is reported.
The oil spill constitutes a type of pollution and represents a non-living factor that is strongly damaging the established nature. In short, pollution, in general, is an abiotic environment.