William m. tweed of new york city (a) headed a "ring" of politicians that cheated new york city of $100,000,000 through fraudulent city contracts and extortion (b) was an outspoken supporter of fiscal integrity in municipal government (c) pioneeredthe regulation of tenement house construction and sanitation (d) urged the new york state legislature to adopt the governmental reforms advocated by the progressives (e) served as secretary of interior in president ulysses grant's administrations.