Question

Nicotine from cigarette smoke acts as a ligand and associates with specific cells in the nervous system. nicotine eventually produces feelings of pleasure and well-being. below are the events that happen in the cellular response to nicotine. place the events in the correct order to describe the steps in the signaling pathway.

a. the acetylcholine receptor is an ion channel, and, when a ligand binds, the ion channel opens.
b. an influx of ions carries the signal to the reward areas of the brain.
c. nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
d. the signal causes release of dopamine in the brain, which causes good feelings.
e. nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings). c, d, b, a, e a, d, b, c, e nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings). c, a, b, d, e b, a, c, d, e

Answer 1

A,C,E

Step-by-step explanation:

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Answer 2

The sequence of events is c, a, b, d, e. This defines nicotine dependence /addiction. A person with nicotine dependence cannot stop smoking even when their health deteriorates. Withdrawal symptoms associated with nicotine dependence include; lightheadedness, anxiety, problems focusing, slow pulse, and mood depression.