The Civil Rights Movement
• Time period is from the end of the civil war to ____.
• Focus on the 19____s and 19___s.
• Not just about expanding the rights of ___________ Americans. Other groups got more rights during this time as well.
Origins of the Civil Rights Movement
1. Three amendments were passed after the Civil War.
• 13th Amendment – Abolished ___________
• 14th Amendment – Granted______________ to those born in the U.S. and promises __________protection under the law
• 15th Amendment – Right to vote can’t be denied because of_________
2. Another amendment also helped with rights.
• 19th Amendment – Granted women the right to _________________
3. Part of issue with the Civil Rights movement is that we were given these rights but states and areas found ways to create loopholes to keep ___________Americans from ____________.
• If they vote, they would vote people into office that ____________what they want, and they would be able to __________ laws and policies.
• Used _____ taxes, ________ tests, intimidation and ____________.
Overturning Segregation (separation by race)
1. 1898 –__________ v. Ferguson _________
• _____________ of public facilities
2. Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
• First case involving __________and with ______________ ________________ under the law.
• Court ruled that a separate law school for African Americans at UT Austin was ____________ due to isolation from other law students that they would interact with in the future.
3. __________v. Board of Education
• Key turning point in civil rights movement
• Thurgood _______________---- attorney with _________ that represented Brown
• Overturned _______________________________ decision
• Ruled “separate but equal” schools were ______________________
• Ordered all schools to ______________ “at ___________________speed”
• Southerners and those against desegregation interpreted “at deliberate speed” however they wanted and used it as a loophole.
• Paved the way for _____________________overall
March to Equality
1. __________________________ Bus Boycott (1955)
• ______________ _________________ refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger and was arrested
• Led to a _________________of public buses in Montgomery, Al for 13 months.
• _________________________________ led the boycott and was arrested. His home was bombed during the boycott.
• Boycott was very ________________ African Americans rallied together and showed that they could unite successfully to oppose segregation
2. March on ___________________________________ (1963)
• MLK and civil rights leaders marched on Washington, D.C. to pressure Congress to pass a new ___________ _____________ bill.
• The __________________demonstration for human rights in U.S. History
• _____________ people attended the march
• MLK delivers “I Have a _______________” speech
• The assassination of President ____________ ____ ___________ shortly after encouraged Congress to honor what he had been championing which led to a more successful vote and the Civil Rights Act being passed in 19____.
4. Freedom ____________(1961)
• _____________ groups rode ________throughout the South with the goal of ____________ segregation on public transportation.
• Freedom Riders often risked ___________and ____________ from those opposed to integration.
• Created confrontations where the _______________government would have to ________________which brought national __________to this issue which was the goal.
Trying to Maintain the Status Quo – Keeping Desegregation from Happening
1. George ______________
• Governor who pledged to _____________ desegregation
2. Lester________________
• Restaurant owner that would not allow ____________________ into his restaurant.
• Later sold his restaurant instead of letting African-Americans in.
3. Orval __________________
• Governor of ______________
• ___________ Rock ___________ – during desegregation of public schools, nine African-American students trying to attend Little Rock ________ ____________.
• Ordered the Arkansas __________ _______________ to surround the school and ______________ them from entering.
• President _______________ had to send national troops to _____________they could attend.
5. Congressional Block of Southern ______________________
• During any attempt to pass civil rights legislation they would band together and try to ____________ the legislation from _________________.
• Some were heads of committees that would keep ________________ from even exiting the committee to be _____________ on.