Question

what impact did the Protestant reform have on these country Holy Roman Empire, Scotland, England, Ireland, Italy/Papal States, Russia, France and Ottoman Empire?

Answer 1

Beginning as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, it gradually developed into a general war involving much of Europe, for reasons not necessarily related to religion. The war marked a continuation of the France-Habsburg rivalry for pre-eminence in Europe, which led later to ...