Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover were the presidents during the 1920s. The demand and mantra of the 1920s was a "return to normalcy". The goal of this period was to stay out of world affairs as Americans felt slighted by the impact of World War I as well as return to the economic polices of the Gilded Age. Domestically, these presidents instituted immigrant restrictions, removal of Progressive Era economic regulations, and a laissze-faire approach to the economy and government. Foreign policy included refusal to accept the Treaty of Versailles and to join the League of Nations. All treaties that took place were in an effort to remove the US from alliances and threats of war.