Answer:
In Spanish grammar the Present Perfect tense is similar to the English grammar, and the rule is as follows:
Subject + verb Haber (to have) in present tense + verb in past participle + complement
It is used to express that an action took place in the past but continues in the present.
If we want to write a sentence in in Present Perfect tense, we have to follow the rule above, taking into account that the verb Haber in present also must be correctly written according to the subject pronoun.
As follows:
1st person singular: Yo he
2nd person singular: Tú has
3rd person singular: Él/Ella/eso/esa ha
1st person plural: Nosotros hemos
2nd person plural: Ustedes(In LatinAmerica)/Vosotros(In Spain) han
3rd person plural: Ellos/Ellas han
Therefore, according to the former explanation and the rule described, the right answer is C:
Carlos ha navegado por el río Tambopata esta mañana.
Carlos is the Subject
ha is the conjugated form of the verb Haber in present with the 3rd person singular
navegado (sailed) is the main verb of the sentence in past participle
por el río Tambopata esta mañana is the complement of the sentence
In english is:
Carlos has sailed on the Tambopata River this morning.