Question

Hartley (1946) demonstrated that there can be a generalized tendency to reject minority groups of all sorts and stereotypes can exist apart from any need to rationalize or justify dominant-group advantages when he found that:

Answer 1

He found that some people will express prejudice against people who do not exist
One of the most efficient methods for a dominant group to maintain superiority and justification of their status is to ensure that majority perception against a minority group is always negative. This would lead to the creation of negative prejudice toward the minorities, regardless of the truth.