Question

Social scientists use the term _______________ to describe how much weight we attach to cultural characteristics.

Answer 1

Salience
This term strikingly alludes to anything (individual, conduct, characteristic, and so on.) that is unmistakable, prominent, or generally observable contrasted and its environment. This remarkable quality is produced suddenness, however can likewise be achieved by moving one's regard for that element.

Answer 2

I believe the answer is Salience
In other words, Salience will determine the cultural characteristics that most dominantly appear in a certain culture.
For example, treating Cows as a holy animal is the dominant characteristic of Hindu culture that does not appear in any other culture.