Question

_____ are penal offenses that are directed against an individual who is a member of a "protected group."

Answer 1

I believe the answer is Hate Speech or Hate crime
But as society progress, more and more members of society believe that protection against hate crime should be given to all members of social group rather then a select view.
Even though the freedom of speech is protected in the amendment, it could be overruled by the justice department is the speech is being done to harm others.