The name given to this group of judges was “midnight judges”
In 19 days between the passage of the Midnight Judges Act and the conclusion of his administration, John Adams filled as many of the newly created circuit judgeships as possible. He appointed 16 federalist circuit judges and 42 Federalist justices. The new President Thomas Jefferson refused to allow the midnight judges to take office. This created the Marbury v. Madison case that was solved by the Supreme Court.