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CIDR replaces the previous syntax to name IP addresses, the kinds of networks. CIDR uses the VLSM technique (variable length subnet mask, in Spanish "variable length subnet mask"), to allow the assignment of prefixes of arbitrary length.
It was introduced in 1993 by the IETF and represents the latest improvement in the way IP addresses are interpreted. In this way permits a more efficient use of the same time more scarce IPv4 addresses and a greater use of the address hierarchy (aggregation of network prefixes), decreasing the overhead of the main Internet routers.