Answer: b. poverty
Out of these options, the most likely one is poverty. Mexico and the countries in Central America experience poverty in large segments of their society, along with extreme inequality.
However, the main reason for the diaspora is the violence that is caused mainly by the drug trade. The violence and social destruction increased since the United States declared a "War on Drugs," now largely believed to have failed. This has put these countries in a state similar to one of warfare, although not officially declared. Moreover, as drug lords have become more powerful in Mexico and Central America, they have expanded their influence into many areas, so that the government is unable to function properly and drug gangs control many social and economic activities, from agriculture to politics.