The correct answer is B. Climate and soil conditions.
1. Differences in Climate: New England was colder in winter, with frequent snowfall, and springs were generally wetter and more cloudy than in the Chesapeake region.
2. Differences in Soil: New England did not have large areas of fertile land, suitable for agriculture, so they were engaged in other activities such as trade, fishing, and industry. On the contrary, in the Chesapeake region, tobacco cultivation was developed due to the large fertile areas and its temperate, humid and fresh climate.