Remark
I think what you mean is break this down into prime factors. 52 is even. A two will go into it at least once.
52: 2 * 26. 26 is even. So you can bread this down again once.
52: 2 * (2 * 13) Looks like this is the end of the line. 13 is a prime number.
52: 2 * 2 * 13