The above sentence, "Israeli men and women serve in the armed forces; however, men serve for one year more than women do." is a compound-complex sentence.
A compound-complex sentence refers to the sentence which is made by joining more than one sentences. The sentence is joined by using conjunction and that it can be formed by two independent clauses or one or more dependent clauses.
Hence, in the above sentence, "Israeli men and women serve in the armed forces" and "Men serve for one year more than women do." are both independent clauses and is joined by the conjunction or connector "However."