Question

How does the author of shadow cities characterize government and ngo attempts to interact with the favelas in rio de janeiro?

Answer 1

In Shadow Cities: A Billion Squatters, A New Urban World, the author (Robert Neuwirth) characterized government and NGO attempts to interact with the favelas in Rio de Janeiro as top-down affairs.

Shadow Cities describes Robert’s experience while living in the Nairobi’s squatter area.