Question

Compare and contrast the social contract theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes

Answer 1

Your essay should include examples explaining the different interpretations of social contract theory. It might include these points:

Hobbes

The state of nature is a state of war.

A state of war makes people very individualistic and out for themselves.

Human reason pushes for people to come together for protection.

Submitting to authority is a necessity for protection.

The preferred form of government is monarchy, which is needed for absolute authority.

Self defense is an acceptable reason for disobedience to authority.

Locke

The state of nature is a state of isolation (i.e., no government with power).

Sovereignty is dependent on the people.

There is no need for absolute authority.

Natural rights exist and occur without government.

People willingly enter a social contract to allow themselves peace of mind.

Rebellion is permitted to prevent a society in which might makes right.

Explanation: edmentum sample answer

Answer 2

Locke and Hobbes both share a vision of the social contract as instrumental in a state's political stability. However, their respective philosophies were informed by a starkly contrasting vision of human nature. This essay explores the historical context of each philosopher and considers the differences in the social contractual theory that emerged from their distinct perspectives on the state of nature