Question

How did the philosophes believe that progress could be achieved?

(A)The good of the people was not as important as the good of the government.

(B)Science and reason, used together, could improve people's lives.

(C)New ideas should be less important than traditional knowledge and beliefs.

(D)People needed to suffer a little to make progress and find happiness.

Answer 1

B)Science and reason, used together, could improve people's lives.

philosophers were highly concerned with science and reason, and especially how the two were vital for progress. Classical philosophers such as Plato posited reason as fundamental for an orderly society. His student, Aristotle however argued that reason on its own is subjective and hence argued for an empirical basis in decision making, which bore the philosophy of science. fundamentally, this divided the continuum of thoughts process into idealists and realist. Scholars agree that the success of the two is heavily intertwined,