Question

A proton and an electron are held in place on the x axis. The proton is at x = -d, while the electron is at x = +d. They are released simultaneously, and the only force that affects their motions is the electrostatic force of attraction that applies to the other. Which particle reaches the origin first? Give your reasoning.

Answer 1

The electron will reach the origin first due to its greater acceleration, which is a result of its much smaller mass compared to the proton, despite the forces on both particles being equal in magnitude.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question is asking which particle, a proton at x = -d or an electron at x = +d that are released simultaneously under the influence of electrostatic force, will reach the origin first. According to Newton's second law, force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma). Because the proton and the electron have equal and opposite charges, the magnitude of the force acting on them due to their electrical interaction will be the same. However, the mass of the proton is much greater than that of the electron, resulting in much smaller acceleration for the proton. Consequently, the electron, given its smaller mass and therefore larger acceleration, will reach the origin first.

Answer 2

The protons and electrons are held in place on the x axis.
The proton is at x = -d and the electron is at x = +d. They are released at the same time and the only force that affects movement is the electrostatic force that is applied on both subatomic particles. According to Newton's third law, the force Fpe exerted on protons by the electron is opposite in magnitude and direction to the force Fep exerted on the electron by the proton. That is, Fpe = - Fep. According to Newton's second law, this equation can be written as
Mp * ap = -Me * ae
where Mp and Me are the masses, and ap and ae are the accelerations of the proton and the electron, respectively. Since the mass of the electron is much smaller than the mass of the proton, in order for the equation above to hold, the acceleration of the electron at that moment must be considerably larger than the acceleration of the proton at that moment. Since electrons have much greater acceleration than protons, they achieve a faster rate than protons and therefore first reach the origin.