jingoism was an aggressive form of nationalism popularized by U.S. press. Option C is correct.
Jingoism refers to nationalism in the form of aggressive foreign policy. For instance, a country's advocacy for the use of threats or actual force, in opposition to peaceful relations, intending to safeguard what its national interests. Colloquially, jingoism is excessive bias in judging one's own country as superior to others; an extreme type of nationalism.
The term stems from the United Kingdom, expressing a pugnacious attitude toward Russia in the 1870s, and it appeared in the American press by 1893.