Question

This is a particular type of natural selection illustrated by the darkening of a moth species after the industrial revolution in England. Pollutants caused the tree bark to darken, birds ate the most visible moths, and as a result, the moth population turned from light gray to dark gray.

Answer 1

This darkening of peppered moths to blend in to the dark soot of human factory production, became known as "industrial melanism."
It was studied in depth in the 1950s in Kettlewell's experiments.