Disturbances cause a decrease in carrying capacity for all populations in the disturbed habitat. This statement is:
a. correct; all populations in an area of a disturbance have a temporarily lowered carrying capacity.
b. incorrect; the definition of a disturbance is an event that temporarily lowers carrying capacity.
c. incorrect; although a disturbance may lower carrying capacity for some populations, it may increase carrying capacity for others.
d. incorrect; disturbances have minimal effect on carrying capacity.
e. correct; biotic disturbances increase carrying capacity for all the populations.