Answer: option D - (A 47-year-old woman with lung cancer.)
Step-by-step explanation:
Cancer is a disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation. It can be caused by factors ranging from genetic defects to environmental or lifestyle patterns to microbial infections, radiation exposure etc.
Lung cancer largely occurs when an organism is exposed to environmental factors such as pollutants in the air, soil or water. Also, unhealthy habits such as smoking cigarettes, tobacco are highly implicated.
Note, UNLIKE Lung cancer, other kinds of cancer mentioned have stronger genetic basis