Answer: e) Needs, wants, interests, and desires
Step-by-step explanation:
Motive is defines as the purpose and reason for carrying out any work or performing any task. Motive gives goals to work in a particular direction due to the requirements ,interest, wish and aspirations of an individual. Want and need creates a goal that needs to be accomplished which gives motive to carry out any work to achieve it.
Other option are incorrect because social reasons, biological components, benefits , penalizing and incentives are not the purpose for rising of motive.
Thus, the correct option is option(e).