Answer:
Explanation: A three-fourths majority (38 of the current 50 United States) is required for:
B. Ratification of a Constitutional Amendment.
The process of amending the United States Constitution requires the support of a significant majority of states. According to Article V of the U.S. Constitution, a proposed amendment must be ratified by three-fourths of the states (38 out of the current 50) in order to become part of the Constitution. This high threshold ensures that amendments have widespread support and reflect a broad consensus among the states.
The other options listed, A, C, and D, do not require a three-fourths majority for approval or ratification:
A. Approval of a new federal statute typically requires a simple majority in both chambers of Congress, not three-fourths of the states.
C. Impeachment of the President is a two-step process, with the House of Representatives impeaching the President by a simple majority vote, followed by a trial in the Senate where a two-thirds majority is required for conviction.
D. Ratification of judicial and cabinet appointments typically involves a confirmation process by the Senate, where a simple majority vote is required.
In summary, a three-fourths majority is specifically required for the ratification of Constitutional Amendments, making option B the correct answer.