Case-control study is the observational study design which allows scientists to hypothesize a potential causal association.
Option C
Step-by-step explanation:
Epidemiology deals with the agents related to public health in a specified population on the basis of the distribution and the determinants. Observational studies in epidemiology is used to draw inferences from a group of randomly selected people known as sample of the population. Case-control study comes under the "observational study" in which two groups which differ in their outcomes are being compared based on some casual attribute to draw inferences.