Answer: Were Polytheistic
Explanation: Both Egypt and Mesopotamian had polytheistic and slave-like civilizations that developed in inhospitable and hard-to-reach places, contributing immensely to the study of astronomy, writing (distinct), fertilization, and irrigation, among others.
Due to the intense religious belief about the cult of death, the Egyptians became experts in sciences such as architecture, through the construction of pyramids and tombs, and human anatomy, through the process of mummification.
In Mesopotamia, interests were more focused on writing, such as the Babylonian Hammurabi Code, one of the earliest codes of law.