Answer:
The authority figure that lost the most was the Catholic Church and the Pope. Before the Prostestan Reformation. the Pope had power over most of Europe, including Germany, where the Prostestan Reformation started.
After the reformation, the Pope lost power and prestige in Germany, England and most of Northern Europe except for Ireland, and the catholic doctrine was changed in those countries.
The authorities that gained the most were the different leaders of the prostetant reformation, such as Maritn Luther. In fact, a whole branch of protestanism bears his name: Lutheranism, which is popular in Northern Europe and in the United States.
John Calvin is another example. He was a minister from Geneve, and developed a serious of strict beliefs that would inspire both calvinism and the puritans who emigrated to the United States a century after.