At home, Carrie was fixing dinner and thinking about the new CEO her firm had hired. In her speech the previous day, the new CEO had discussed her experience in the industry and her education. Carrie thought that the new CEO would do a great job given these characteristics, coupled with her good oratory skills and the fact that she just looked like a CEO. Laughing, Carrie realized that she had been judging the new CEO in a manner consistent with the ________ theories of leadership that were popular in the 1920s and 1930s.