The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The document that I would read if I wanted to learn about early American colonists' political views would be "Common Sense," written by Thomas Pane.
Pane wrote this pamphlet to invite the American colonists to support independence from Great Britain. He used this pamphlet as a propagandistic document to invite the American people to support the American Revolutionary War against the English. Americans were desperate and angry due to the heavy taxation imposed by the English crown and the fact that the American colonies had no voice or representation in the British Parliament.